Cells


 * **Plant Cell** || **Animal Cell** ||
 * Has chloroplast || Has no chloroplast ||
 * Has mitochondria || Has mitochondria ||
 * Photosynthesize || Does not photosynthesize ||
 * Has a large vacuole || Has a small vacuole,or maybe even not. ||
 * Has a cell wall || Has no cell wall ||
 * Has peroxisomes || Has peroxisomes ||
 * Has lysosomes || Has few lysosomes ||
 * Is rectangular in shape || Either circular or have irregular shape ||

Notes:

Both plant and animal cells are **eukaryoti****c** cells.

Function of chloroplast: Has a green pigment called chlorophyll to trap light energy to make food by photosynthesis

Function of mitochondria: They are the power centers of the cell, providing all the energy it needs to carry out life processes. It has many folds on the inside to increase its surface area, and it is on these folds that sugar is combined with oxygen to form ATP, the primary energy source for the cell.

Both mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own genetic make-up which is separate from that of the cell they are found in. This characteristic resembles that of bacteria, and there is a theory that mitochondrion and chloroplasts used to be bacteria which eventually formed a symbiosis with eukaryotic cells.

Function of cell wall: Provides mechanical support for the cell.It protects the cell from mechanical and hypertonic stress.

Function of a vacuole: Stores substances such as sugars, mineral salts, water and waste materials. Also, it creates turgor pressure for the cell.

Function of peroxisomes: Peroxisomes in animal cells are mainly to protect the cells from the body's own production of hydrogen peroxide (for killing bacteria) by oxidizing them. In plant cells, they play a variety of roles including turning fatty acids to sugar and assisting chloroplasts in photorespiration.

Function of lysosomes: Lysosomes contain hydrolytic enzymes needed for intracellular digestion. They are common in animal cells. In white blood cells, they are used to help kill and digest bacteria. They are rare in plant cells and are usually found in the vacuole

Photosynthesis: The process in green plants and certain other organisms by which carbohydrates are synthesized from carbon dioxide and water using light as an energy source. Most form of photosynthesis release oxygen as a byproduct.


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 * **Prokaryote Cell** || **Eukaryote Cell** ||
 * No nucleus, has mesosome instead (a single strand of DNA) || Has nucleus ||
 * Meiosis not needed || Organisms are produced through meiosis ||
 * Lack sterols || Containing sterols ||
 * Flagella usually not surrounded by membrane, no cilid || Flagella and cilia surrounded by a membrane ||
 * Representative cell: Bacteria and the domain Archae || Representative cell: Animal, plant, fungi, protozoan ||
 * fewer organelles || has more organelles such as mitochondria, golgi apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum ||



Notes:

Function of nucleus: Controls all reactions within the cell, contains DNA of the cell.

Function of cilia and flagella: Provide some single cells with the ability to movemotility

Lysosome:Metabolism of materials ingested by endocytosis.